Everything about Albazin totally explained
Albazino (
Russian: Албазино) is a village in
Skovorodino raion of
Amur Oblast, noted as the site of
Albazin (
Russian: Албазин), the first Russian settlement on the
Amur River.
Before the arrival of
Russians, the town, known as
Yagsi (
Manchu: Yaksa;
Chinese: 雅克薩,
Russian: Якса), was the capital of the
Solon Khanate (
Sinicized : 索伦汗国),
a
petty kingdom of the autochthonous
Tungusic peoples.
In the late 1640s, a team of Russian
Cossacks under
Yerofey Khabarov arrived to explore
Dauria. They were keen to gain a foothold in the proximity of the
Amur River and, after several clashes with the
Daurs under Prince Albaza or Albaaši (
Sinicized: 阿尔巴西),
established a Russian fort of Albazin in 1651.
The
Kangxi Emperor was alarmed by the rapid growth of the Russian settlement and sent a 5,000-strong contingent to sail down the
Sungari River and raze the fort. The Manchu
besieged the Russian town on
12 June 1685 and, after ten days of siege, 400 Cossacks had to surrender. According to the terms of surrender, they were allowed to evacuate their property and families to
Nerchinsk and
Yakutsk. Regardless, 45 Cossack hostages were taken to
Peking, where their descendants, known as
Albazinians, still adhere to
Eastern Orthodoxy.
The border conflict resulted in the
Treaty of Nerchinsk, whereby the Russians gave up their claims to the territory, whereas the Chinese promised not to settle there as well. A new
Amur Cossack village appeared on the site in the early 19th century. A municipal museum is sited among the remains of the 17th-century Russian fort.
Further Information
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